Five tips for conducting remote qualitative data collection in COVID times: theoretical and pragmatic considerations.

OBJECTIVE: To provide five methodological and pragmatic tips for conducting remote qualitative data collection during the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: The tips presented in this article are drawn from insights of our own experiences as researchers conducting remote qualitative research and from the evidence from the literature on qualitative methods. The relevant literature was identified through searches using relevant keywords in the following databases: CINAHL, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Searches were limited to articles in English and Portuguese, published from 2010 to 2021, to ensure a current understanding of the phenomenon. RESULTS: Five tips are provided: 1) Pay attention to ethical issues; 2) Identify and select potential participants; 3) Choose the type of remote interview; 4) Be prepared to conduct the remote interview; and 5) Build rapport with the participant. CONCLUSION: Despite the challenges in conducting remote data collection, strengths are also acknowledged and our experience has shown that it is feasible to recruit and interview participants remotely. The discussions presented in this article will benefit, now and in the future, other research teams who may consider collecting data for their qualitative studies remotely.

Analysis of mental health effects among nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Working on the frontline during the pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of health professionals. A significant proportion experienced anxiety, insomnia, posttraumatic stress or depression. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: Analysis and synthesis of the evidence of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses based on their work context. There exists a gap in the literature as no studies were found that analysed the effects on nurses' mental health according to the level of care they worked in (hospital-primary care-nursing home). WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE?: There is an urgent need to assess and respond to the impact of COVID-19 on the physical and mental well-being of nurses, and to monitor international policies for the improvement of nurses' working conditions. ABSTRACT: Introduction Health professionals have suffered negative consequences during the COVID-19 pandemic. No review has specifically addressed the impact of the pandemic on the mental health of nurses exclusively according to the work context. Aim To analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses who have worked in hospitals, primary care centres and social health centres. Method PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO and Cochrane databases were searched (Prospero number: CRD42021249513). Out of 706 papers, 31 studies (2020-2021) were included in the systematic review. A qualitative synthesis method was used to analyse the data. Results Most studies were conducted in hospitals or frontline settings. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe symptoms was for anxiety 29.55%, depression 38.79%, posttraumatic stress disorder 29.8%, and insomnia 40.66%. Discussion This review highlights the mental health effects among nurses working in acute hospital settings. It also evidences a data gap on mental health effects among nurses working in primary health care and in nursing homes. Implications for practice In the post phase of the pandemic, there is an urgent need to assess and respond to the impact on the mental well-being of nurses, and to monitor international policies for the improvement of nurses' working conditions.

Mental health of Spanish nurses working during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.

AIM: To explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of nurses working in primary, secondary, and tertiary healthcare centers in Navarre (Spain). BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers, especially nurses, are at high risk for developing mental health problems during the COVID-19 pandemic. INTRODUCTION: Spain ranks among the European countries with the highest incidence of and mortality from COVID-19 and has a 31% deficit in the number of nurses compared with the average for the European Union. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study involving 800 Registered Nurses in Navarre, Spain. Four standardized instruments, along with a self-administered online questionnaire, were used to measure the impact in terms of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and posttraumatic stress disorder. The STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies was used to report this study. RESULTS: Of the 800 nurses, 68% had some level of depression, anxiety, insomnia, and distress, and of these, 38% had moderate or severe symptoms. Those who worked in hospital COVID units and in nursing homes showed a higher impact on their mental health. DISCUSSION: The sustained pressure that nurses have experienced in their work during the COVID-19 pandemic has negatively affected their mental health. CONCLUSION: This study found that nurses who worked in hospital COVID units and in nursing homes during the pandemic had worse mental health outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING/POLICY: Recommendations for nursing policy include the need to implement coaching and emotional programs to support nurses on the frontlines of the pandemic. There is also an urgent need for the implementation of national training programs to strengthen health emergency preparedness, improve response capacity, and increase the resilience of nurses to disasters.

The experience of coronaphobia among health professionals and their family members during COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.

Background: Coronaphobia is an excessive fear of becoming infected by the COVID-19 virus. Situations of coronaphobia against health professionals have been identified. Therefore, there is a need to develop studies to understand family impact and experience of COVID-19 pandemic and coronaphobia. Aim: To describe the coronaphobia experience of health professionals and of one of their family members during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Exploratory qualitative study using narrative inquiry was used. This study was guided by the concept of coronaphobia and Family Systems Nursing as conceptual frameworks. Face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted from September to November 2020 with 14 health professionals, including nurses and physicians and one of their family members (n = 14). Findings: Three descriptive themes were identified which highlight professional-family dyads' experience of coronaphobia as a reciprocal and relational process. Coronaphobia was demonstrated by unknown or close people, in a disguised or explicit way, and generated suffering in the dyads and in the family unit. Consequently, individual and/or family strategies were developed to allow for the protection of the family system and the maintenance of its functioning. Discussion: This study describes how the dyads of health professionals and their family members identify the experiences of coronaphobia. In addition, it was possible to analyze the repercussions of coronaphobia on the dyad and the strategies they used to deal with it. Conclusions: This study extends understanding about the relationships between the experience of coronaphobia among health professionals and one of their family members and the experience of physical, cognitive and emotional suffering during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Continuity of Care Challenges for Professional Nursing Practice

The relational dimension refers to the interaction between professionals and patients and their families over time;the informational dimension means the use and transmission of information, and the managerial dimension is related to the coordination between professionals and services. [...]several challenges are associated with these three dimensions of continuity of care for nurses' professional practice, as addressed below. The emergence of new professional profiles, such as the liaison nurse or case manager, facilitates the relationship of the patient and their family with health professionals. [...]the therapeutic relationship must be established with the same person (liaison nurse or case manager) to build trust. [...]this situation constitutes a significant challenge for nurse managers. [...]the COVID-19 pandemic has entailed the redesign of care management processes: defining new guidelines for action, redistributing staffing and staff rotation to care for COVID-19 patients without neglecting the rest of patients, promoting nurse training in record time for patient safety, and adapting nurses' work dynamics to respond to new health circumstances.